中国中东部区域TRMM降水产品降尺度研究及其时空特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何其全  史岚  谭璐璐  万逸波  王茜雯 《气象科学》2019,39(3):312-321

该研究以中国中东部区域(17°～50°N,98°～135°E)为研究范围,在前人研究基础上,根据水汽与降水之间的关系,基于MOD05水汽产品,采用偏最小二乘法,对中国中东部区域2001—2010年10 a平均TRMM3B43_V 7月降水产品进行降尺度,旨在得到空间分辨率为1 km×1 km的月降水空间分布。通过比较分析,发现该降尺度模型能大幅提高TRMM产品空间分辨率,估算结果平均相对误差为15.35%,与地面观测较接近,能体现中国中东部区域降水宏观分布趋势,且估算结果精度高于前人基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)的降尺度模型,能满足降水产品的精细化需求。  相似文献   

萤石典型产品国际贸易竞争格局演变     

陈韵冰  王星星  周凤英 《地球学报》2023,44(2):395-403

萤石作为一种重要的非金属战略性矿产资源,受到各国(地区)的高度重视。由于全球萤石资源储量有限、分布不均,萤石产品的供需矛盾不断增强,激化了萤石资源进出口之间的竞争。本文主要研究了萤石资源国际贸易,以无机氟化工产业链为切入点,选取酸级萤石、电子级氢氟酸、六氟磷酸锂为研究对象,运用复杂网络方法,构建了2000—2020年全球萤石产品进口竞争网络,分析其格局、演变特征,国家(地区)间竞争特点以及中国萤石产品的竞争状况。结果发现:全球萤石产品之间的竞争越来越激烈,各阶段的累积度分布都遵循幂律分布。竞争强度占比前20%的国家(地区)显示出更直观的集中化趋势。近20年来美国一直是酸级萤石进口竞争的矛盾中心。电子级氢氟酸和六氟磷酸锂的进口竞争网络的核心国家(地区)是不断演变的。建议中国等萤石资源储量丰富的国家(地区),合理规划萤石产业,优化萤石资源供需格局、促进萤石产业健康可持续发展。  相似文献   

数据驱动的蒸散发遥感反演方法及产品研究进展     

刘萌  唐荣林  李召良  高懋芳  姚云军 《遥感学报》2021,25(8):1517-1537

蒸散发是水圈、大气圈和生物圈中水分循环和能量交换的纽带。在全球尺度上,蒸散发约占陆地降水总量的60%;作为其能量表达形式,潜热通量约占地表净辐射的80%。随着通量观测技术的发展,全球长期持续的观测数据得以获取和共享,近年来基于数据驱动的蒸散发遥感反演方法取得了较好的研究进展。本文针对数据驱动的蒸散发遥感反演方法和产品,从经验回归、机器学习和数据融合3个方面展开,对现有的研究进展进行了梳理、归纳和总结,并从驱动数据、反演方法、已有产品等方面指出目前仍存在的问题和不足。未来仍需开展数据驱动的高时空分辨率的蒸散发遥感反演方法的研究,有效考虑地表温度和土壤水分等可以指示地表蒸散发短期变化的重要信息,同时加强基于过程驱动的物理模型与数据驱动的模型的结合,使两类模型能互为补充、各自发挥所长,共同推动蒸散发遥感反演研究水平的进步。  相似文献   

塔里木克拉通北缘阔克塔格西富碱侵入岩成因及其构造意义——锆石U- Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及Sr- Nd- Hf- O同位素制约     

潘蓓蓓  黄河  张招崇  王涛  吴欢欢  秦切  李海舟 《地质学报》2023,97(7):2195-2221

富碱侵入岩具有深源浅成的属性,是示踪地幔组成的窗口。位于东天山与塔里木克拉通北缘交界处的阔克塔格以西出露一处以正长岩为主体、包含少量中—基性岩石单元的富碱侵入岩。LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb测年显示其侵位于227~224 Ma之间,为印支期岩浆作用产物。该岩体具有富碱（Na2O+K2O=7. 93%~ 12. 28%）、富铝（Al2O3=15. 62%~18. 67%）、贫镁（MgO=0. 12%~4. 01%）、贫钛（TiO2=0. 14%~1. 63%）的特征,属于准铝质的（A/CNK=0. 78~1. 00）高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列。微量元素表现出高场强元素Nb、Ta、Th、U、Zr、Hf的富集,不相容元素Sr、P、Ti的亏损特征;轻重稀土分馏明显（（La/Yb）N=15. 09~34. 90）,表现为轻稀土强烈富集的右倾型曲线,Eu异常变化较大（δEu=0. 12~1. 72）。在同位素组成上,富碱侵入岩呈现相对宽泛但总体富集的全岩Sr- Nd和锆石Hf同位素特征,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0. 70489~0. 70581,εNd(t)=14. 56~6. 74,εHf(t)=11. 48~+3. 06,锆石δ18O值（5. 49‰~6. 87‰）略高于地幔值（5. 3‰±0. 6‰）。阔克塔格西富碱侵入岩具A1型花岗岩特征,形成于板内伸展构造环境中。基于主、微量元素及Sr- Nd- Hf- O同位素特征,笔者认为该杂岩体为同源岩浆演化产物,源于富集岩石圈地幔的原始岩浆上升并经历AFC（同化混染- 分离结晶）过程。晚三叠世塔里木克拉通北缘—东天山—北山地区处于板内构造体制,A1型花岗岩和正长岩差异化的时空分布特征很可能记录了古亚洲洋自西到东 “剪刀式”的闭合过程。  相似文献   

作物胁迫无人机遥感监测研究评述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄耀欢  李中华  朱海涛 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(4):512-523

作物胁迫是全球农业发展的一个重要制约因素,实现快速、大范围、实时的作物胁迫监测对于农业生产具有重要意义。传统的作物胁迫监测方式,如田间调查、理化检测和卫星遥感监测总是受到各种田间条件或大气条件的制约。随着无人机和各种轻量化传感器的快速发展,其凭借高频、迅捷等优势为各种作物胁迫监测提供了一套全新的解决方案。本文在介绍了目前主流的多种无人机和传感器的基础上,首先对目前无人机遥感用于作物监测的主要胁迫类型进行了梳理,然后重点阐述了基于光谱成像和热红外传感器进行作物胁迫无人机遥感监测的应用和技术方法,最后提出了作物胁迫无人机遥感监测尚需解决的关键问题,并展望了未来无人机遥感用于作物胁迫监测的前景。  相似文献   

Satellite-derived rainfall thresholds for landslide early warning in Bogowonto Catchment,Central Java,Indonesia     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Satellite rainfall products for landslide early warning prediction have been spotlighted by several researchers, in the last couple of decades. This study investigates the use of TRMM and ERA-Interim data, for the determination of rainfall thresholds and the prediction of precipitation, respectively, to be used for landslide early warning purposes at the Bogowonto catchment, Central Java, Indonesia. A landslide inventory of 218 landslides for the period of 2003–2016 was compiled, and rainfall data were retrieved for the landslide locations, as given by 6 ground stations, TRMM, and ERA-Interim data. First, rainfall data from the three different sources was compared in terms of correlation and extreme precipitation indices. Second, a procedure for the calculation of rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence was followed consisting of four steps: i) the TRMM-based rainfall data was reconstructed for selected dates and locations characterized by landslide occurrence and non-occurrence; ii) the antecedent daily rainfall was calculated for 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days for the selected dates and locations; iii) two-parameter daily rainfall-antecedent rainfall thresholds were calculated for the aforementioned dates; after analysis of the curves the optimum number of antecedent rainfall days was selected; and (iv) empirical rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence were determined. The procedure was repeated for the entire landslide dataset, differentiating between forested and built-up areas, and between landslide occurrence in four temporal periods, in relation to the monsoon. The results indicated that TRMM performs well for the detection of very heavy precipitation and can be used to indicate the extreme rainfall events that trigger landslides. On the contrary, as ERA-Interim failed to detect those events, its applicability for LEWS remains limited. The 15-day antecedent rainfall was indicated to mostly affect the landslide occurrence in the area. The rainfall thresholds vary for forested and built-up areas, as well as for the beginning, middle and end of the rainy season.  相似文献   

基于地理国情数据的长江岸线保护和开发利用情况分析     

王丹  柴燕妮  张浩 《北京测绘》2020,(4):507-510

本文基于地理国情数据,从农业垦殖、开发建设、生态修复情况三个方面出发,对长江岸线1 km范围内的保护和开发利用情况进行空间统计分析。通过分析可知:(1)2015~2018年,长江岸线农业垦殖和开发建设力度有所增强;(2)2015~2018年,长江岸线生态修复取得一定的进展,但仍需持续推进。  相似文献   

Lagged response of nutrient leaching to reduced surpluses at the field and catchment scales          下载免费PDF全文

Barbro Ulén  Göran Johansson  Katarina Kyllmar  Lovisa Stjernman Forsberg  Gunnar Torstensson 《水文研究》2015,29(13):3020-3037

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What is the source of baseflow in agriculturally fragmented catchments? Complex groundwater/surface‐water interactions in three tributary catchments of the Wabash River,Indiana, USA          下载免费PDF全文

Marty D. Frisbee  Zachary P. Meyers  Noah S. Stewart‐Maddox  Marc W. Caffee  Philine Bogeholz  Madison N. Hughes 《水文研究》2017,31(22):4019-4038

Some conceptual models suggest that baseflow in agriculturally fragmented watersheds may contain little, if any, groundwater. This has critical implications for stream quality and ecosystem functioning. Here, we (a) identify the sources and flowpaths contributing to baseflow using ²²²Rn and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and (b) quantify mean apparent ages of groundwater and baseflow using multiple isotopic tracers (CFC, SF₆, ³⁶Cl, and ³H) in 4 small (0.08 to 0.64 km²) tributary catchments to the Wabash River in Indiana, USA. ²²²Rn activities and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios indicate that baseflow in 3 catchments is sourced primarily from groundwater; baseflow in the fourth is dominated by a source similar to agricultural run‐off. CFC‐12 data indicate that springs in 1 catchment are discharging significant proportions of water that recharged between 1974 (42 ± 2 years) and 1961 (55 ± 2 years). Those same springs have ³⁶Cl/Cl ratios between 1,381.08 ± 29.37 (×10^?15) and 1,530.64 ± 27.65 (×10^?15) indicating that a substantial proportion of the discharge likely recharged between 1975 (41 years) and 1950 (66 years). Groundwater samples collected from streambed mini‐piezometers in a separate catchment have CFC‐12 concentrations indicating that a large proportion of the recharge occurred between 1948 (68 ± 2 years) and 1950 (66 ± 2 years). Repeat sampling conducted in September 2015 after above‐average summer rainfall did not show significant decreases in mean apparent age. The relatively old ages observed in 3 of the catchments can be explained by geological complexities that are likely present in all 4 catchments, but overwhelmed by flow from the shallow phreatic aquifer in the fourth catchment.  相似文献   

Dissolved inorganic carbon evolution in neutral discharge from mine tailings piles          下载免费PDF全文

Hendratta N. Ali  Eliot A. Atekwana 《水文研究》2016,30(13):2079-2091

We measured the concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and major ions and the stable carbon isotope ratios of DIC (δ¹³C_DIC) in two creeks discharging from carbonate‐rich sulphide‐containing mine tailings piles. Our aim was to assess downstream carbon evolution of the tailings discharge as it interacted with the atmosphere. The discharge had pH of 6.5–8.1 and was saturated with respect to carbonates. Over the reach of one creek, the DIC concentrations decreased by 1.1 mmol C/l and δ¹³C_DIC increased by ~4.0‰ 200 m from the seep source. The decrease in the DIC concentrations was concomitant with decreases in the partial pressure of CO_2(aq) because of the loss of excess CO_2(aq) from the discharge. The corresponding enrichment in the δ¹³C_DIC is because of kinetic isotope fractionation accompanying the loss of CO_2(g). Over the reach of the other creek, there was no significant decrease in the DIC concentrations or notable changes in the δ¹³C_DIC. The insignificant change in the DIC concentrations and the δ¹³C_DIC is because the first water sample was collected 160 m away from the discharge seep, not accessible during this research. In this case, most of the excess CO_2(aq) was lost before our first sampling station. Our results indicate that neutral discharges from tailings piles quickly lose excess CO_2(aq) to the atmosphere and the DIC becomes enrich in ¹³C. We suggest that a significant amount of carbon cycling in neutral discharges from tailings piles occur close to the locations where the discharge seeps to the surface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献